Cytologically Yours: CoW: 20131216 - Revision history

Stephanie Simmons at 22:03, 15 January 2014

2014-01-15T22:03:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:03, 15 January 2014
Line 47:		Line 47:
	* CD56 Positive		* CD56 Positive
	* Napsin A Negative		* Napsin A Negative


	~~====Resident Questions====~~
	* <spoiler text="What is the explanation for the occasional prominent nucleoli and what is the differential diagnosis?">The differential diagnosis includes large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and possibly nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In this case, we know that we are dealing with a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma based on immunohistochemistry. In addition, except for the occasional nucleoli, this lesion has all of the features of a small cell carcinoma (scant cytoplasm, nuclear molding). In this case, the possibility of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with mixed large cell and small cell features may not be able to be completely ruled out on cytology of the pleural fluid. It has been determined that prominent nucleoli may be seen in small cell carcinomas up to 24% of the time (Khalbuss WE The cytomorphologic spectrum of small-cell carcinoma and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in body cavity effusions: A study of 68 cases. CytoJournal 2011, 8:18. [[http://www.cytojournal.com/article.asp?issn=1742-6413;year=2011;volume=8;issue=1;spage=18;epage=18;aulast=Khalbuss]]
	~~</spoiler>~~

Stephanie Simmons at 22:03, 15 January 2014

2014-01-15T22:03:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:03, 15 January 2014
Line 63:		Line 63:
	===Cytology===		===Cytology===
	* Small cell carcinoma		* Small cell carcinoma

			===Discussion===
			The differential diagnosis includes large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and possibly nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In this case, we know that we are dealing with a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma based on immunohistochemistry. In addition, except for the occasional nucleoli, this lesion has all of the features of a small cell carcinoma (scant cytoplasm, nuclear molding). In this case, the possibility of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with mixed large cell and small cell features may not be able to be completely ruled out on cytology of the pleural fluid. It has been determined that prominent nucleoli may be seen in small cell carcinomas up to 24% of the time (Khalbuss WE The cytomorphologic spectrum of small-cell carcinoma and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in body cavity effusions: A study of 68 cases. CytoJournal 2011, 8:18. [[http://www.cytojournal.com/article.asp?issn=1742-6413;year=2011;volume=8;issue=1;spage=18;epage=18;aulast=Khalbuss]]

	</div></div>		</div></div>

Stephanie Simmons at 20:48, 15 January 2014

2014-01-15T20:48:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:48, 15 January 2014
Line 56:		Line 56:


	<div class="usermessage mw-customtoggle-diagnosis" style="cursor:pointer">Click here to toggle the diagnosis ~~and case discussion~~.</div>		<div class="usermessage mw-customtoggle-diagnosis" style="cursor:pointer">Click here to toggle the diagnosis.</div>
	<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" id="mw-customcollapsible-diagnosis">		<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" id="mw-customcollapsible-diagnosis">
	<div class="mw-collapsible-content">		<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Line 64:		Line 64:
	* Small cell carcinoma		* Small cell carcinoma



	~~==Case Discussion==~~
	~~This is a classic case of metastatic small cell carcinoma in pleural fluid.~~
	</div></div>		</div></div>

Stephanie Simmons: /* Resident Questions */

2014-01-14T22:19:06Z

Resident Questions

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:19, 14 January 2014
Line 50:		Line 50:

	====Resident Questions====		====Resident Questions====
	* <spoiler text="What is the explanation for the occasional prominent nucleoli and what is the differential diagnosis?">The differential diagnosis includes large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and possibly nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In this case, we know that we are dealing with a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma based on immunohistochemistry. In addition, except for the occasional nucleoli, this lesion has all of the features of a small cell carcinoma (scant cytoplasm, nuclear molding). In this case the possibility of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with mixed large cell and small cell features may not be able to be completely ruled out on cytology of the pleural fluid. It has been determined that prominent nucleoli may be seen in small cell carcinomas up to 24% of the time (Khalbuss WE The cytomorphologic spectrum of small-cell carcinoma and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in body cavity effusions: A study of 68 cases. CytoJournal 2011, 8:18. [[http://www.cytojournal.com/article.asp?issn=1742-6413;year=2011;volume=8;issue=1;spage=18;epage=18;aulast=Khalbuss]]		* <spoiler text="What is the explanation for the occasional prominent nucleoli and what is the differential diagnosis?">The differential diagnosis includes large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and possibly nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In this case, we know that we are dealing with a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma based on immunohistochemistry. In addition, except for the occasional nucleoli, this lesion has all of the features of a small cell carcinoma (scant cytoplasm, nuclear molding). In this case, the possibility of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with mixed large cell and small cell features may not be able to be completely ruled out on cytology of the pleural fluid. It has been determined that prominent nucleoli may be seen in small cell carcinomas up to 24% of the time (Khalbuss WE The cytomorphologic spectrum of small-cell carcinoma and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in body cavity effusions: A study of 68 cases. CytoJournal 2011, 8:18. [[http://www.cytojournal.com/article.asp?issn=1742-6413;year=2011;volume=8;issue=1;spage=18;epage=18;aulast=Khalbuss]]
	</spoiler>		</spoiler>

Stephanie Simmons: /* Resident Questions */

2014-01-14T22:18:01Z

Resident Questions

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:18, 14 January 2014
Line 50:		Line 50:

	====Resident Questions====		====Resident Questions====
	* <spoiler text="		* <spoiler text="What is the explanation for the occasional prominent nucleoli and what is the differential diagnosis?">The differential diagnosis includes large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and possibly nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In this case, we know that we are dealing with a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma based on immunohistochemistry. In addition, except for the occasional nucleoli, this lesion has all of the features of a small cell carcinoma (scant cytoplasm, nuclear molding). In this case the possibility of a poorly differentiated carcinoma with mixed large cell and small cell features may not be able to be completely ruled out on cytology of the pleural fluid. It has been determined that prominent nucleoli may be seen in small cell carcinomas up to 24% of the time (Khalbuss WE The cytomorphologic spectrum of small-cell carcinoma and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in body cavity effusions: A study of 68 cases. CytoJournal 2011, 8:18. [[http://www.cytojournal.com/article.asp?issn=1742-6413;year=2011;volume=8;issue=1;spage=18;epage=18;aulast=Khalbuss]]
	</spoiler>		</spoiler>

Stephanie Simmons at 22:05, 14 January 2014

2014-01-14T22:05:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:05, 14 January 2014
Line 39:		Line 39:

	====Other immunostains performed====		====Other immunostains performed====
	* BerEp4		* BerEp4 Positive
	* Moc31		* Moc31 Faintly positive
	* Calretinin		* Calretinin Negative
	* TTF1		* TTF1 Negative
	* Chromogranin		* Chromogranin Positive
	* Synaptophysin		* Synaptophysin Positive
	* CD56		* CD56 Positive
	* Napsin A		* Napsin A Negative

Stephanie Simmons at 22:02, 14 January 2014

2014-01-14T22:02:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:02, 14 January 2014
Line 26:		Line 26:
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology3.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Chromatin is irregular and clumped with salt and pepper appearance; although, occasional nucleoli are also seen.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology3.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Chromatin is irregular and clumped with salt and pepper appearance; although, occasional nucleoli are also seen.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology4.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Some nuclear molding can be appreciated and a mitotic figure is present.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology4.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Some nuclear molding can be appreciated and a mitotic figure is present.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology5.jpg\|Cell block of pleural fluid. Group of malignant cells showing nuclear molding, scant cytoplasm, and salt and pepper chromatin.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology5.jpg\|Cell block of pleural fluid. Group of malignant cells showing nuclear molding, scant cytoplasm, and salt and pepper chromatin. Nucleoli are also seen.


Line 38:		Line 38:
	</gallery>		</gallery>

	====Other immunostains====		====Other immunostains performed====
	* BerEp4		* BerEp4
	*		* Moc31
			* Calretinin
			* TTF1
			* Chromogranin
			* Synaptophysin
			* CD56
			* Napsin A


	====Resident Questions====		====Resident Questions====
Line 55:		Line 62:
	==Final Diagnosis==		==Final Diagnosis==
	===Cytology===		===Cytology===
	* ~~Rapid diagnosis: Non-small~~ cell carcinoma.		* Small cell carcinoma
	* Final diagnosis: Renal cell carcinoma.



	==Case Discussion==		==Case Discussion==
	This is a classic case of metastatic ~~renal~~ cell carcinoma.		This is a classic case of metastatic small cell carcinoma in pleural fluid.
	</div></div>		</div></div>

Stephanie Simmons at 21:59, 14 January 2014

2014-01-14T21:59:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:59, 14 January 2014
Line 24:		Line 24:
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology1.jpg\|10x magnification of pleural fluid(ThinPrep). Groups of cohesive epithelial appearing cells are seen on low power.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology1.jpg\|10x magnification of pleural fluid(ThinPrep). Groups of cohesive epithelial appearing cells are seen on low power.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology2.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Cluster of atypical cells showing nuclear pleomorphism and scant cytoplasm.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology2.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Cluster of atypical cells showing nuclear pleomorphism and scant cytoplasm.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology3.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Chromatin is irregular and clumped with salt and pepper appearance.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology3.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Chromatin is irregular and clumped with salt and pepper appearance; although, occasional nucleoli are also seen.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology4.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Some nuclear molding can be appreciated.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology4.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Some nuclear molding can be appreciated and a mitotic figure is present.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology5.jpg\|Cell block of pleural fluid. Group of malignant cells showing nuclear molding, scant cytoplasm, and salt and pepper chromatin.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology5.jpg\|Cell block of pleural fluid. Group of malignant cells showing nuclear molding, scant cytoplasm, and salt and pepper chromatin.

Line 37:		Line 37:

	</gallery>		</gallery>

			====Other immunostains====
			* BerEp4
			*

	====Resident Questions====		====Resident Questions====
	* <spoiler text="~~What are other immunohistochemical stains that would be applicable in this case?">~~		* <spoiler text="
	* RCC
	*CD10
	*PAX2
	*Kidney specific antigen
	</spoiler>		</spoiler>

Stephanie Simmons at 21:56, 14 January 2014

2014-01-14T21:56:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:56, 14 January 2014
Line 22:		Line 22:
	===Cytology===		===Cytology===
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology1.jpg\|4x magnification of ~~a 4R lymph node~~. Groups of cohesive epithelial appearing cells ~~can be~~ seen on low power~~. Lymphoid tissue is not easily identified~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology1.jpg\|10x magnification of pleural fluid(ThinPrep). Groups of cohesive epithelial appearing cells are seen on low power.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology2.jpg\|~~20x~~ magnification of ~~a 4R lymph node~~. ~~This is a cellular specimen with groups~~ of cells ~~along what appear to be a papillary or papillary-like structure. Single cells are also dispersed in the background. The cells are haphazardly arranged~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology2.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Cluster of atypical cells showing nuclear pleomorphism and scant cytoplasm.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology3.jpg\|40x magnification of ~~a 4R lymph node~~. ~~On higher power, the nuclei appear mildly atypical~~ and ~~the cytoplasm is delicate~~ and ~~finely vacuolated. The nuclear contours are somewhat irregular~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology3.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Chromatin is irregular and clumped with salt and pepper appearance.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology4.jpg\|~~Cell block~~ of ~~4R lymph node~~. ~~The cytoplasm does not appear as vacuolated on alcohol fixed cell block material, but the nuclei are relatively uniform, but somewhat atypical~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology4.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Some nuclear molding can be appreciated.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology5.jpg\|Cell block of ~~4R lymph node~~. ~~The~~ cytoplasm ~~does not appear as vacuolated on alcohol fixed cell block material~~, ~~but the nuclei are relatively uniform, but somewhat atypical~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology5.jpg\|Cell block of pleural fluid. Group of malignant cells showing nuclear molding, scant cytoplasm, and salt and pepper chromatin.

Stephanie Simmons at 21:51, 14 January 2014

2014-01-14T21:51:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:51, 14 January 2014
Line 1:		Line 1:
	== Clinical Summary ==		== Clinical Summary ==
	The patient is an 64 year old white male ~~who presented~~ with ~~left sided back pain. Imaging showed~~ a ~~left perinephric retroperitoneal hematoma~~ and ~~a left renal lower pole cystic lesion~~ with ~~hemorrhage. Additional imaging showed numerous pulmonary lesions. A endobronchial ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration was scheduled~~.		The patient is an 66 year old white male with a history of smoking, COPD, and diabetes. The patient presented with increased shortness of breath.

	=== Past Medical History ===		=== Past Medical History ===
	* ~~Congestive heart failure~~		* Diabetes
	* ~~Ventricular tachycardia~~		* COPD
	* ~~Ischemic heart disease~~		* Squamous cell carcinoma of skin

	=== Past Surgical History ===		=== Past Surgical History ===
	* ~~Coronary stent placement~~		* Excision of squamous cell carcinoma
	* ~~Implant~~ of ~~AICD~~		* Removal of adenomatous polyp of sigmoid colon


	===Clinical Plan===		===Clinical Plan===
	The ~~concern is a primary renal malignancy with metastatic disease to lungs~~. ~~An endobronchial ultrasound guided FNA~~ is ~~scheduled. An onsite rapid diagnosis by cytology was scheduled~~.		The differential diagnosis includes worsening of COPD. CT imaging of chest is performed.

	==Radiology==		==Radiology==
	* CT ~~Abdomen~~ shows ~~a large perinephric hematoma~~ and ~~large low anterior structure in left lower pole suspicious for a hemorrhagic renal cell carcinoma~~.		* CT Chest shows hilar lung mass and multiple mediastinal lymph nodes showing increased uptake on PET scan.
	* CT Chest shows multiple small lung lesions measuring up to 13x12 mm in greatest dimension.
	==Pathology==		==Pathology==

Line 33:		Line 33:
	===Immunohistochemistry===		===Immunohistochemistry===
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology6.jpg\|~~PAX8~~ on ~~4R lymph node~~ shows positive ~~nuclear~~ staining.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology6.jpg\|CD56 on pleural fluid shows positive cytoplasmic staining.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology7.jpg\|~~PAX8~~ on ~~4R lymph node~~ shows positive ~~nuclear~~ staining.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology7.jpg\|Synaptophysin on pleural fluid shows positive cytoplasmic staining.

	</gallery>		</gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:56, 14 January 2014
Line 22:		Line 22:
	===Cytology===		===Cytology===
	<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">		<gallery heights="250px" widths="250px">
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology1.jpg\|4x magnification of ~~a 4R lymph node~~. Groups of cohesive epithelial appearing cells ~~can be~~ seen on low power~~. Lymphoid tissue is not easily identified~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology1.jpg\|10x magnification of pleural fluid(ThinPrep). Groups of cohesive epithelial appearing cells are seen on low power.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology2.jpg\|~~20x~~ magnification of ~~a 4R lymph node~~. ~~This is a cellular specimen with groups~~ of cells ~~along what appear to be a papillary or papillary-like structure. Single cells are also dispersed in the background. The cells are haphazardly arranged~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology2.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Cluster of atypical cells showing nuclear pleomorphism and scant cytoplasm.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology3.jpg\|40x magnification of ~~a 4R lymph node~~. ~~On higher power, the nuclei appear mildly atypical~~ and ~~the cytoplasm is delicate~~ and ~~finely vacuolated. The nuclear contours are somewhat irregular~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology3.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Chromatin is irregular and clumped with salt and pepper appearance.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology4.jpg\|~~Cell block~~ of ~~4R lymph node~~. ~~The cytoplasm does not appear as vacuolated on alcohol fixed cell block material, but the nuclei are relatively uniform, but somewhat atypical~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology4.jpg\|40x magnification of pleural fluid (ThinPrep). Some nuclear molding can be appreciated.
	CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology5.jpg\|Cell block of ~~4R lymph node~~. ~~The~~ cytoplasm ~~does not appear as vacuolated on alcohol fixed cell block material~~, ~~but the nuclei are relatively uniform, but somewhat atypical~~.		CytologicallyYoursCoW20131216Cytology5.jpg\|Cell block of pleural fluid. Group of malignant cells showing nuclear molding, scant cytoplasm, and salt and pepper chromatin.